IT Projects Break all the Rules: How complexity demands different Risk- and Project Management

In my 30 years working in consulting, helping large organizations to navigate the challenges of large-scale software development, I’ve learned a hard truth: Managing IT projects with traditional project management and risk frameworks does not work. No matter how much rigor you apply, no matter how many “good practices” you adopt, IT projects stubbornly defy predictability.

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The only way I’ve seen real progress is by embracing Agile—not only as a software development method, but as a paradigm for how to manage the entire project or change, from governance to risk to stakeholder engagement. Years ago, I found a powerful lens in Dave Snowden’s Cynefin framework, which taught me to treat IT projects as complex systems, not as complicated ones. Very recently, reading Bent Flyvbjerg’s 2025 paper, “The Uniqueness of IT Cost Risk: A Cross-Group Comparison of 23 Project Types,” I was struck by how deeply the data confirms this view.

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